Annotation Summary for: Capurro

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Page 1, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "J:,., c. .. c f,V~ What is information science for? A philosophical rellection Rafael Capurro"

Comment: J:,., c. .. c

f,V~

What is information science for?

A philosophical rellection

Rafael Capurro

 

Page 1, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "u . c V~ .u."

Comment: u

. c

V~

.u.

 

Page 1, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "less adequale metaphor, to every kind of process through which something is being 'changed' Qr 'in-formed'. anthropomorphism and reductionism. "narvemodel of 'infonnation man'. wirich  sometimes takes the fonn of decision-makingman or uncertainty man. tbe notion of infonnation in ourfleld is ex.plicitly referred to and restricted to the human sphere."

Comment: less adequale metaphor, to every kind of process through which something is being

'changed' Qr 'in-formed'.

anthropomorphism and reductionism.

"narvemodel of 'infonnation man'. wirich  sometimes takes the fonn of decision-makingman or uncertainty man.

tbe notion

of infonnation in ourfleld is ex.plicitly referred to and restricted to the human sphere.

 

Page 1, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "rcpresenmtion puadigm,lhe-sourre-channcl-rereiver paradigm. and the Plalonislic paradigm. 'cog­ nitive tum' in our ftcld is: still groomled on the subject-cbjcct dicholomY- basic insights from 1ermeneutics (Heidegger, Gadamer} .and analytic philosophy (Wittgenstcin) a pragmatic foundatkm of information scieru::e"

Comment: rcpresenmtion puadigm,lhe-sourre-channcl-rereiver

paradigm. and the Plalonislic paradigm.

'cog­

nitive tum' in our ftcld is: still groomled on the subject-cbjcct

dicholomY-

basic insights from

1ermeneutics (Heidegger, Gadamer} .and analytic philosophy

(Wittgenstcin) a pragmatic foundatkm of information scieru::e

 

Page 1, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "In the case of information science the main concept is not infonnation but - man (:::: man and woman). With the rise of philorophical Hermeneutics and Analytical Philosophy we have gained new paths of thinking which are, I believe, reievanl to the foundations of information science."

Comment: In the case of information science the main concept is not

infonnation but - man (:::: man and woman).

With the rise of philorophical

Hermeneutics and Analytical Philosophy we have gained new paths of thinking

which are, I believe, reievanl to the foundations of information science.

 

Page 1, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "that key theories of Greek ontology and epistemology were at the origin of the Latin term 'informatio'. ontological meaning of 'giving fonn to something' became more and more obsolete. 'Information' see­ med to lose its connection to the human world, and came to be applied, as a more or"

Comment: that key theories of Greek

ontology and epistemology

were at the origin of the Latin term 'informatio'.

ontological meaning of 'giving

fonn to something' became more and more obsolete.

'Information' see­

med to lose its connection to the human world, and came to be applied, as a more or

 

Page 1, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: " 'cognitive mm'. This view abandons the idea of information as a  kind ofsubstance outside the mind and looks for the phenomenon of human cognition as a necessary condition for the determination of what -can  be -called  'information', but fails to consider the pragmatic dimension ofhumM existenoe. information is a fundamemal dimensioo of human existence. infonnation, taken as a dimension of human existence,"

Comment:  'cognitive mm'. This view abandons the idea of information as a  kind ofsubstance outside the mind and looks for the phenomenon of human cognition as a necessary condition for the determination of what -can  be -called  'information', but fails to consider the pragmatic dimension ofhumM existenoe.

information is a fundamemal

dimensioo of human existence.

infonnation, taken as a dimension of

human existence,

 

Page 2, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "message sent by the source, a common stock of signs has to exist. 'syntactic Jnfonnation'. Cybernetics couples source and receiver dynamically.  ConstruCtivism  describes  the  autogeneration of organisms coupled with their own  world in a  similar way. 'There is no world 'outside' to be rynescuted. only the world as the organism 'sees' ar forms it for its own purposes ofsurvival.  information science is primarily concerned with the impact of infonnation on the receiver."

Comment: message sent by the source, a common stock of signs has to exist.

'syntactic Jnfonnation'.

Cybernetics couples source and receiver dynamically.  ConstruCtivism  describes  the  autogeneration of organisms coupled with their own  world in a  similar way. 'There is no world 'outside' to be rynescuted. only the world as the organism 'sees' ar forms it for its own purposes ofsurvival.

 

information science is primarily concerned with the impact

of infonnation on the receiver.

 

Page 2, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "'what is information science for?' change of perspective pragmatic and rlletorical perspective."

Comment: 'what is information science for?'

change of perspective

pragmatic and rlletorical perspective.

 

Page 2, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "Some crilical comments on three leading paradigms of inrormation science not only informatics but also information science looks for its subject byconsidering  information  to  be something  'objective' in  'extemaJ  reality'. Thisviewpoint remains bask with regard to three main paradigms in our field lhe representation paradigm - the source-channel-receiver paradigm - the Piatonistic paradigm."

Comment: Some crilical comments on three leading paradigms of

inrormation science

not only informatics but also information science looks for its subject byconsidering  information  to  be something  'objective' in  'extemaJ  reality'. Thisviewpoint remains bask with regard to three main paradigms in our field

lhe representation paradigm

  • the source-channel-receiver paradigm
  • the Piatonistic paradigm.

 

Page 2, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: " Piaronisticparadigm looks for something 10 be considered as 'infonnation in itself. sphere of human knowledge as objectivized in non-human carriers. Platonism'. The idealistic version  of this paradigm considers knowledge as something objective in  itself, independent of anymaterial carrier. "

Comment:  Piaronisticparadigm

looks for something 10 be considered as

'infonnation in itself.

sphere of human knowledge

as objectivized in non-human carriers.

Platonism'. The idealistic version  of this paradigm considers knowledge as something objective in  itself, independent of anymaterial carrier.

 

 

Page 2, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "lnfonnation has: the same ontological status .as the laws of logic with regard to the psychological or biological description of the process of thinking. 'materialistic' version, infonnation as far as it is materialized in carriers outside the brain. in lhe form of documents or of their electronic surrogates. 'idealistic' version considers infonnatiooas .an objective but non-material entity."

Comment: lnfonnation has: the same

ontological status .as the laws of logic with regard to the psychological or biological

description of the process of thinking.

'materialistic' version,

infonnation as far as it is materialized in carriers outside

the brain. in lhe form of documents or of their electronic surrogates.

'idealistic'

version considers infonnatiooas .an objective but non-material entity.

 

Page 2, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: " represcntmion paradigm human beings are knowers or observersof an outside reality. The process of knowledge consists of an assimilation of thingsthrough  their  represemarions  in  the  mindJbrain  of the  knowing  subject.  These representations, once processed or codified in our brain, Clln  then be communicatedto other minds and/or stored and processed ln machines (computers (computers). Human beingsare biological information processors. "

Comment:  represcntmion paradigm human beings are knowers or observersof an outside reality. The process of knowledge consists of an assimilation of thingsthrough  their  represemarions  in  the  mindJbrain  of the  knowing  subject.  These representations, once processed or codified in our brain, Clln  then be communicatedto other minds and/or stored and processed ln machines (computers

(computers). Human beingsare biological information processors.

 

Page 2, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "(Descartes' "res cogitans" vs. .. res extensa"}. difference between the knowing subject as a kind of substance (or 'thing') separated from the objects of knowledge (Descartes' constructivist theories the 'outside world' ·becomes completely determined by structure of the living. idealistic Platonism knowledge within the mind becomes ob_jeaive with regard to the psyche."

Comment: (Descartes' "res cogitans" vs. .. res extensa"}.

difference between the knowing subject as a kind of substance (or 'thing') separated

from the objects of knowledge (Descartes'

constructivist theories the 'outside world' ·becomes completely determined by

structure of the living.

idealistic Platonism knowledge within the mind becomes

ob_jeaive with regard to the psyche.

 

Page 2, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "concerned with the study of representation, codification and rational use of information. source-channel-receiver paradigm takes the phenomenon of human commu­nication  as  a  metaphor to  be applied  to different  levels of reality. In order for the receiver 10 understand the meaning of the"

Comment: concerned with the study of representation,

codification and rational use of information.

source-channel-receiver paradigm takes the phenomenon of human commu­nication  as  a  metaphor to  be applied  to different  levels of reality.

In order for the receiver 10 understand the meaning of the

 

Page 3, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: " Instead of starting from an objectivist consideration of something called  'information' and its  interaction with a  reductionist view of a  ·sender' or'receiver' ,common to allldndsof living and non-living systems, the 'cognitive tum'asks for the intrinsic relationship between the human ( !) knower and his/her potentialknowledge. The  'cognitive tum' led also to a  specificarioo of !he traditional para­digms in our freld. But this turn too rests upon the modem subject/object dichotomy. "

Comment:  Instead of starting from an objectivist consideration of something called  'information' and its  interaction with a  reductionist view of a  ·sender' or'receiver' ,common to allldndsof living and non-living systems, the 'cognitive tum'asks for the intrinsic relationship between the human ( !) knower and his/her potentialknowledge. The  'cognitive tum' led also to a  specificarioo of !he traditional para­digms in our freld. But this turn too rests upon the modem subject/object dichotomy.

 

Page 3, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "cognitive foundation of information science when he put forward his "fundamentalequation of information science", where the knowledge structure is modified by theinfonnation Information is 10 be found objectively as "cxtra·physical entities which exist only in cognitive [mental or information} spaces." the interaction between subjective and objective knowledge as being reflected in the changes to be observed in IDe knowledge saucture caused by new information. Brookes considels the By questioning the presupposition of an inaccessible capsule-like psyche, hermeneutics offers a new insight into the question of how knowledge is constituted and shared, which is indeed the main question in our field."

Comment: cognitive foundation of information science when he put forward his "fundamentalequation of information science", where the knowledge structure is modified by theinfonnation

Information is 10 be found objectively as "cxtra·physical entities which

exist only in cognitive [mental or information} spaces."

the interaction between subjective and objective knowledge as

being reflected in the changes to be observed in IDe knowledge saucture caused by

new information.

Brookes considels the

By questioning the presupposition of an inaccessible capsule-like

psyche, hermeneutics offers a new insight into the question of how knowledge is

constituted and shared, which is indeed the main question in our field.

 

Page 3, Line Drawing (Red)

 

Page 3, Highlight (Blue):

Content: "information is intrinsieally connected to the knowledge structure of human beings."

Comment: information is intrinsieally connected to the knowledge structure of human beings.

 

Page 3, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "One of the key insightsofhenneneutics is the holistic approach to the relationshipbetwenn tmln  and world. "

Comment: One of the key insightsofhenneneutics is the holistic approach to the relationshipbetwenn tmln  and world.

 

Page 3, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "From the 'cognitive tum' to the 'pragmatic tum' 'cognitive tum' took place, beginning of the seventies ASK Theory Bclkin This theory does not speak simplyof a knowing subject, but of an "anomalous state of knowledge" to be:  considered asa  basic phenomenon if we try to understand the infonnation retrieval process."

Comment: From the 'cognitive tum' to the 'pragmatic tum'

'cognitive tum'

took place,

beginning of the seventies

ASK Theory

Bclkin

This theory does not speak simplyof a knowing subject, but of an "anomalous state of knowledge" to be:  considered asa  basic phenomenon if we try to understand the infonnation retrieval process.

 

Page 3, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "hermeneutics, as developed by Heidegger and H.-G. Gadamer, refers to the founding dimension of our 'being-in-the-world-with-others',"

Comment: hermeneutics, as developed by Heidegger and H.-G.

Gadamer, refers to the founding dimension of our 'being-in-the-world-with-others',

 

Page 4, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "in the sense of a historical dimension of disdos~ of meaning, which conditions our understanding of the world. 'p~undeutanding', "

Comment: in the sense of a historical dimension of disdos~ of meaning, which conditions our

understanding of the world.

'p~undeutanding',

 

Page 4, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: " •being outside'is fundamentally a being-outside-wi:th-Qthers. Communication in the sense of sharing together a common wodd is a specific trait of our being-in-the-world. existential foundation of infonnation science. lnfonnatlon, in an existential-herme­neutical sense. means to thematical1y and situationally share a common world. information is not the end product of a u::p1 esmtation process, or something being transported from one mind to the other, or, finally, something separated from a capsule-like subjecti­ vity, but an existential dimension of our being-in-the-world-wi:lh--others."

Comment:  •being outside'is fundamentally a being-outside-wi:th-Qthers. Communication in the sense of sharing together a common wodd is a specific trait of our being-in-the-world.

existential foundation of infonnation science. lnfonnatlon, in an existential-herme­neutical sense. means to thematical1y and situationally share a common world.

information is

not the end product of a u::p1 esmtation process, or something being transported from

one mind to the other, or, finally, something separated from a capsule-like subjecti­

vity, but an existential dimension of our being-in-the-world-wi:lh--others.

 

Page 4, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "Information is. the articulation of a prior 'pragrnatical' understan­ ding of a common shared world. 'pre-understanding'. remains to a great extent tacit Human knowledge is, as the theory of science stresses, always tentative. knowledge. necessarily u:fers to limited horizons of pre-understanding.. "

Comment: Information is.

the articulation of a prior 'pragrnatical' understan­

ding of a common shared world.

'pre-understanding'.

remains to a great extent tacit

Human knowledge is, as

the theory of science stresses, always tentative.

knowledge.

necessarily u:fers to limited horizons of pre-understanding..

 

Page 4, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "The 'cognitive tum' in infonnation science presupposes this pragmaticdimension of our being-in-the-world, but it does not make it explicit lake the term 'infonnation' in this existential meaning as a basic concept of information science."

Comment: The 'cognitive tum' in infonnation science presupposes this pragmaticdimension

of our being-in-the-world, but it does not make it explicit

lake the term 'infonnation' in

this existential meaning as a basic concept of information science.

 

Page 5, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "information is neither a mentalistic nor simply a mind-related concept bu' expresses a characteristic of our pragmatic mode of being."

Comment: information is neither a mentalistic nor simply a mind-related concept bu'

expresses a characteristic of our pragmatic mode of being.

 

Page 5, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "the methodological and the pragmatic, information heuristics and information hermeneutics, information scien· ce can be considered a sub-discipline of rhetoric."

Comment: the methodological and the

pragmatic, information heuristics and information hermeneutics, information scien·

ce can be considered a sub-discipline of rhetoric.

 

Page 5, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "Scientific knowledge creation of a common pre­ understanding is an essential aim in itsclf."

Comment: Scientific knowledge

creation of a common pre­

understanding is an essential aim in itsclf.

 

Page 5, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "Final remarks: Information science ~ a rhetorical discipline three kinds of speech; Aristotle "Rhetoric" deliberative speech juridical speech laudatory speech concerns argumenls for or against someone or something, and is related to future actions.. dibnikon"}: concerns charge or defence. and  isrelated to past events. epideiktilron"): concerns praise and blame and is mainly related to present situations. Aristotle connects :rhetoric not only with other linguistic-methodological discip­ lines such as logic. dialectic and topic, but also with ethics and politics."

Comment: Final remarks: Information science

~ a rhetorical discipline

three kinds of speech;

Aristotle

"Rhetoric"

deliberative speech

juridical speech

laudatory speech

concerns argumenls for or

against someone or something, and is related to future actions..

dibnikon"}: concerns charge or defence. and  isrelated to past events.

epideiktilron"): concerns praise and blame and is

mainly related to present situations.

Aristotle connects :rhetoric not only with other linguistic-methodological discip­

lines such as logic. dialectic and topic, but also with ethics and politics.

 

Page 5, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: ""information man" cannot be separated from the specific situations in which he/she is pragmatically and socially imbedded."

Comment: "information man" cannot be separated

from the specific situations in which he/she is pragmatically and socially imbedded.

 

Page 5, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "henneneulic rhetorical foundation-of information science."

Comment: henneneulic

rhetorical foundation-of information science.

 

Page 5, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "But infonnation, taken as a dimension of human existence. is nothing substan­ tial. This sciemific thernatization can take place io a fonnal~methodologica1 as well as ina cultural" historical or 'pragmatic' perspec1ive. I can the first information heuristics (OT  'ars quaerendi') and  the second  information  hermeneu1ics. "

Comment: But infonnation, taken as a dimension of human existence. is nothing substan­

tial.

This sciemific thernatization can take place io a fonnal~methodologica1 as well as ina cultural" historical or 'pragmatic' perspec1ive. I can the first information heuristics (OT  'ars quaerendi') and  the second  information  hermeneu1ics.

 

Page 5, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: " three objectives to teach/to inform concerns reason to influence/to move concerns the wUI  (and the feelings)to please : concerns (sensory and sensual) perception charncterlstics of good speech unambiguity commonness adequation use of clear expressions use of common expressions use of adequate expressions"

Comment:  three objectives

to teach/to inform

concerns reason

to influence/to move

concerns the wUI  (and the feelings)to please
concerns (sensory and sensual) perception

charncterlstics of good speech

unambiguity

commonness

adequation

use of clear expressions

use of common expressions

use of adequate expressions

 

Page 6, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "argumentative figures compo. sition figures and lexical figures: In the case of informative {and deliberative) speech"

Comment: argumentative figures

compo.

sition figures

and lexical figures:

In the case of informative {and deliberative) speech

 

Page 6, Highlight (Blue):

Content: "The ideology of a pure informa­ tive speech rests upon the disreganl.ing of ils rhetorical rootS."

Comment: The ideology of a pure informa­

tive speech rests upon the disreganl.ing of ils rhetorical rootS.

 

Page 6, Highlight (Yellow):

Content: "Wallmannsberger non-linearity and associativity imply a conception of human knowledge where anaJogy and probability are the key aspects.. a hermeneutic and rhetorical view stresses thecontex­ tuality (including cultural, aesthetic, ethical and politic at dimensions) of meaning. consideration dialectical, topical and rhetorical figures."

Comment: Wallmannsberger

non-linearity and

associativity imply a conception of human knowledge where anaJogy and probability

are the key aspects..

a hermeneutic and rhetorical view stresses thecontex­

tuality (including cultural, aesthetic, ethical and politic at dimensions) of meaning.

consideration dialectical,

topical and rhetorical figures.

 

--

 

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Diana Ascher